HOW MUCH ADVANTAGEOUS & DISADVANTAGES OF USB

Advantages
The first benefit is that you don’t have to tangle yourself in those noodle strip wires and cables. You just insert the us dongle in the USB port and download the wallpapers or ring tones or the games to your mobile.

It is simple & easy to use. You just need to be in the range of 10-15 meter distance from other device, so that your devices get connected by Bluetooth.

It is safe to use. The devices with Bluetooth exchange the authentication details and get connected automatically.

The technology also supports the VOIP technology hence you can talk to your friends also. When you are using the USB adapter on your personal computer, then you are in a way using the computer and the mobile technologies together.

Around 8 devices can connect within the piconet or personal area network formed by the Bluetooth at a time.

You can transfer the games, ring tones, songs, text messages, and files among the connected devices in the piconet at the speed of 1-2 Mbps.

When you connect the Bluetooth USB adapter to your computer you make your computer Bluetooth enable. That means your computer can now exchange the authentication code with other Bluetooth enabled devices in the short range of the piconet and get connected wirelessly. Now you can coordinate the contacts on your desktop or print the sheets or transfer files.

Disadvantages
Although the connectivity is affected if there are more devices within the piconet or there are any changes in the environment, but the advantages out power the demerits.


WUSB in the Future
The first Wireless USB implementations will likely be in the form of discrete silicon that will be introduced in a number of form factors. These may include add – in cards and dongles along with embedded solutions to support the technology’s introduction and subsequent rapid ramp up.

But the wireless future will arrive once WUSB, along with the common ultra wideband platform, becomes a standard part of every processor and chipset and is integrated in CMOS silicon.

One potential hurdle is making sure the technology is easy to use, implementations of Bluetooth were notoriously difficult for people who weren’t tech-savvy, although things have improved quite a bit. USB cables, however, couldn’t be much easier to use.

“The goal is to get easy to us but at the same time we need to maintain security,” he said. This will require additional authentication steps to ensure that only authorized devices can associate with a host device.

About a balanced design
PCI latencies and PCI peripherals behavior are definitely factors to consider in a USB capable system. When USB peripherals are used that support large isochronous packages, heavy USB workloads are present. The system designer must consider the use of well behaved PCI devices, especially PCI graphic accelerators, which must not over use the PCI retry mechanism, affecting USB pipes.
There are a number of possible architectural changes that could be applied to improve the current chip-set design and system specifications. These changes alone could greatly improve the robustness of the system, but will not be sufficient to protect against an unbalanced PCI device. It is even possible to define more drastic steps to enforce a “good neighbor” policy; however, these steps increase restrictions, possibly curtailing designers’ freedom when choosing more cost-effective peripheral implementations.
Finally, it is for us evident that the best solution still resides on the hands of the peripheral designers. A correctly balanced design should still be capable of performing while allowing other devices and busses to properly operated in the system.

Further Work of usb
At the time the authors are completing this document new and existing technologies are emerging. The Accelerated Graphic port or AGP, is becoming the graphic accelerator standard. The AGP bus already de-couples the graphic accelerator from the PCI bus and adds specific functionality to support pipeline mode of operation. At the present time the authors have not engaged in a study to determine the susceptibility or lack thereof this new architecture to USB latencies. Such investigation is certainly material of much work, like the present.

Also, the IEEE 1394-1995 standard is furthering streaming capabilities in the PC architecture. As in the case of USB, 1394 is susceptible to nuances of PCI peripherals operation. While finishing the draft of this document, we were pleased to observe that techniques similar to this document recommendations are been used in the definition of the 1394 link interface in future generations of south bridge designs.

HOW TO HELP ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS OF USB

Assumptions
For the purpose of this analysis, we will concentrate on the second failure mechanism, babble condition. The sequence of events that result in the application error after a port babble also cause frame drop condition. Therefore, the architectural analysis and possible resolution of the port babble will also largely apply to the frame drop condition. It will be indicated in the next below when this underlying assumption is no longer valid.

The system failure is based on the system’s sensitivity to graphic accelerator responsiveness to pending device driver request.

The PCI Specification does not limit the number of retries a PCI target may execute, and does not indicate any maximum latency before a target must complete a retry condition. Thus, the retry behavior of the graphic accelerator in this case is not in conflict with the current PCI specification.

To try to understand the true nature of the issue, we will break down the failure mechanism into its minimal components, starting with the USB physical layer, then moving to the graphic accelerator driver. It is hoped that with this analysis, an economical and viable solution could be identified.

Wireless USB host controller board and new single – board device wire adapter.

Product Roadmap :
The experience with USB will enable the company to develop industry – leading products based on the new Wireless USB standard at a very affordable price. Product development efforts are well underway with plans to begin mass production in 2005. the first generation of Wireless USB products will consist of discrete host controllers that connect to the host via a PCI interface and device adapters for existing USB devices. The company will then bring to market single – chip Wireless USB solutions with an integrated controller and PHY.

WUSB Topology
The fundamental relationship in WUSB is a hub and spoke topology, as shown in Figure. In this topology, the host initiates all the data traffic among the devices connected to it, allotting time slots and data bandwidth to each device connected. These relationships are referred to as clusters. The connections are point-to-point and directed between the WUSB host and WUSB device.

The WUSB host can logically connect to a maximum of 127 WUSB devices, considered an informal WUSB cluster. WUSB clusters coexist within an overlapping spatial environment with minimum interference, thus allowing a number of other WUSB clusters to be present within the same radio cell.

Topology will support a dual role model where a device can also support limited host capabilities. This model allows mobile devices to access services with a central host supporting the services. This model also allows a device to access data outside an existing cluster it may currently be connected to by creating a second cluster as a limited host.

Additionally, high spatial capacity in small areas is needed to enable multiple device access to high bandwidth concurrently. Multiple channel activities may take place within a given area. The topology will support multiple clusters in the same area. The number of clusters to be supported is still being determined.

Usage Applications
With the growing use of digital media in the PC, consumer electronic (CE) and mobile communication environments, a common standard interconnect is needed to support the on-going convergence of these environments. The trend toward convenient wireless distribution of digital information provides an opportunity to introduce a single, standard wireless interconnect capable of supporting usage models across all three environments.

CE environment will have high – performance wireless interface expectations. Consumer usage models will center on streaming media distribution that typically uses compression algorithms. The performance objective is to ensure a high quality of service is maintained to meet typical consumer entertainment expectations.

Typical video delivery with standard SDTV / DVD will consume between 3 and 7 Mbps while HDTV will use between 19 and 24 Mbps. A point distribution technology like wireless USB with an effective bandwidth of 480 Mbps could manage multiple HDTV streams. Host buffering could enable a network backbone to effectively distribute content to all distribution hosts, enhancing the quality experience for all uses.

Wireless USB will benefit both from the success of wired USB in the PC market and from the growing demand for wireless technologies in the booming consumer electronics market. The shift to wireless will revitalize exiting markets and contribute to the creation of new markets, particularly for multimedia devices that can take advantage of the high data rate. For example, Wireless USB will make possible next – generation notebook PCs with fewer input output connectors and a more compact design, as well as digital AV equipment that can wirelessly transmit high definition video.

Home Usage Models of USB
It ht home environment, Wireless USB will eliminate the tangle of cables connecting PCs and peripherals such as printers, scanners, monitors, and digital cameras. In addition, it will wirelessly connect myriad home products, including PCs, stereos, HDTVs, STBs, DVD players, video recorders, digital AV equipment, and the growing class of devices with rich functionality and multimedia capabilities. The home of the not-too-distant wireless future will support individual high – speed wireless personal area networks (WPANs) for entertainment, home office equipment, gaming, and audio devices. Wireless USB will introduce a standard wireless interconnect that supports multiple device and usage models.

Typical Home Applications
PCs and peripherals : complete pc's are connected from usb.
External storage devices (HDDs) : External Hard Disk Drive's, pen drive's are working from usb.
Game consoles : Games also run from usb.
Digital cameras : Digital camara also working from usb.
DVD players : Newly introduced DVD players have sum usb port for watch the movies from pen drive's.
MP3 players : MP3 players are working from usb, DVD, CD & Audio CD's.
CD players : Newly introduced CD players have Usb ports.


Office Usage Models of usb
In the office environment, wireless USB will offer a broad range of time – saving and productivity – enhancing applications. Users of portable devices such as notebook PCs, PDAs, and cell phones will be able to connect to printers and scanners quickly and easily. Employees will be able to share printers, scanners and storage devices, back up files quickly, exchange large without sending them through e-mail, and synchronize their PDAs to a network – all without a single wire.

Typical Home Applications
Laptop and notebooks computers works in usb.
Printers : New printer conected computer from usb.
Scanners : Old and new scanners are connected to computer from usb.
Projectors : Newly introduced projecters (mini theater's) are connected from usb.
Mass storages devices (HDDs) : Pocket Hard disk drives are works from usb.
Cell Phones : Newly introduced cells are connected from usb's.

many more etc.

How to work USB or WUSB-01

Introduction :
Wireless USB is a short range, high bandwidth wireless radio communication protocol created by the wireless USB promoter Group.

WUSB is based on the wimedia version of ultra wideband.

Overview : Unwiring USB
Imagine if all the devices in a home office – such as printer, scanner, internal hard drive and digital camera could be connected to your PC without any wires. Imagine if all the components for an entire home entertainment centre could be setup and connected without a single wire Imagine if digital pictures could be transferred to a photo print Kiosk for instant printing without the need for a cable. These are just some of the possible scenarios for high speed wireless USB (WUSB) connectivity, the latest technology developed to bring even greater convenience & mobility to devices.

Universal serial bus (USB) technology has been a popular connection type for PC’s and its migrating into consumer electronics (CE) and mobile devices. Now this high – speed and effective connection interface is unwiring to provide the functionality of wired USB without the burden of cables. This next iteration of USB technology is the focus of the new wireless USB promoter group, which will define the specifications that will eventually provide standards for the technology.

Features of wireless – USB :
Wireless USB will build on the success of wired USB. An important goal of the WUSB promoter group is to ensure that wireless USB offers users the experience they have come to expect from wired USB.

Wireless USB standard is being designed to support the following features.

Backward Compatibility :
Wireless USB will be fully backward compatible with the one billion wired USB connections already in operation. More over, wireless USB will be compatible with current USB drivers and firmware and provide bridging from wired USB devices and hosts.

High Performance :
At launch, wireless USB will provide speeds up to 480 mbps, a performance comparable to the wired USB 2.0 standard and high enough to provide wireless transfer of rich digital multimedia formats. As UWB technology and process technologies evolve, bandwidth may exceed 1 Gbps.

Simple, Low – Cost Implementation :
Implementation will follow the wired USB connectivity mode as closely as possible to reduce development time and preserve the low – cost, case of use model that has made wired USB the interconnect of choice.

An Easy Migration Path :
To enable an easy migration path from wired USB, wireless USB will maintain the same usage models and architecture as wired USB.

Security :
Wireless USB will provide the same level of security as wired USB. All certified wireless USB devices will incorporates standard, non-removable security features. Connection – level security will be designed to ensure that devise are associated and that both hosts and devices are authenticated before operation. Higher levels of security involving encryption will be implemented at the application level. At the same time, an important goal of the specification is to ensure that security requirements do not impact the performance or cost of wireless USB applications.

Host to device Architecture :
Wireless USB will use a point to point connection to pology similar to the host to device architecture used for wired USB. For ease of use, wireless USB ill employ an asymmetric host centric model that confines complexity to the host.

The following is a brief survey of wireless protocol that address the variety of performance requirements in todays wireless infrastructure. As noted previously, extreme USB is agnostic to the physical layer upon which it is implemented, and any of these radio protocol could be integrated with an extreme USB core to provide a wireless USB solution.

Flow Control :
Flow control imposed by the USB protocol will have to accommodated by the wireless dongle.

HID class devices use two USB endpoints. Control and Interrupt in the control endpoint returns data given a get – report or get – descriptor command and receives data when given a set – report command. Any low level flow control on the control endpoint is strictly a function of how long the device takes to process the current command and setup for the next.

However, the interrupt in endpoint works differently. It will NAK on read attempts until some event occurs in the device that requires it to send data to the host. A wireless HID device must be able to make this distinction in the messages that it sends to the host. That is immediate transfers that take place over the control endpoint and the vent drives transfers that take place over the interrupt in endpoint.

Wireless USB LS theory of Operation
Wireless USB LS adds to the existing Wireless USB portfolio a low cost 2.4 GHz wireless solution that enables the wireless gaming console peripheral device market and displaces the 27 MHz solutions currently used for low end retail PC Human Interface Device (HID) applications, A Wireless USB LS system typically consists of a wireless USB LS Bridge and at least one Wireless USB LS HID. The host PC is not aware of the wireless connection, since the interface to the host acts like a normal wired USB HID connection. Therefore, there is no special software required on the host PC in order to support Wireless USB LS.

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum :
Wireless USB LS utilizes a 2.4 GHz direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) radio interface. DSSS generates a redundant bit pattern for each bit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a “chip” or a pseudo noise code. Notice in figure that the pseudo noise code is a binary signal that is produced at a much higher frequency than the data that is to be transmitted. Because it has a higher frequency, it has a large bandwidth that spreads the signal in the frequency domain (that is it spreads its spectrum). The nature of this signal makes it appear that it is random noise.

Contrast the spread wave from of a DSSS signal with the narrowband waveform of a traditional radio signal, both represented in figure. The wide bandwidth provided by the pseudo noise code allows the signal power to drop below the noise threshold without losing any information. This allows DSSS signals to operate in noisy environments and reduces the interference cause by traditional narrowband signals. The longer the chip is, the greater the probability that the original data can be recovered, and, of course, the more bandwidth required. See the section below on Gold Codes for more information on the 32 – bit and 64 – bit pseudo noise codes used in Wireless USB LS.

The receiver uses a locally generated replica pseudo noise code and a receiver correlator to separate only the desired coded information from all possible signals. A correlator can be throught of as a very special matched filter : it responds only to signals that are encoded with a pseudo noise code that matches its own code. Thus a correlator can be “tuned” to different codes simply by changing its local code. This correlator does not respond to man-made, natural, or artificial noise or interference. It responds only to signals with identical matched signal characteristics and encoded with the identical pseudo noise code. Even if one or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission, statistical techniques embedded in the radio can recover the original data without the need for retransmission.

Auto Correlation of USB
Auto correlation is the correlation of a variable with itself over successive time intervals, in our case the pseudo noise code. Pseudo noise codes should have a high autocorrelation factor so that the receiver’s correlator correctly matches the received pseudo noise code with its own code. For example, if “1010” was used as the pseudo noise code, the following sequence shows that the correlator would match the code in two separate time positions (1010 – 0101 – 1010 – 0101). If “1001” was used instead, the correlator would only match the code in a single time position allowing the correlator to correctly process the incoming data stream (1001-0011-0110-1100). Wireless USB LS uses pseudo noise codes that have a high auto correlation factor.

Cross Correlation of USB
Cross correlation is the statistical correlation between two different signals as a function of relative time between the signals. In other words, cross correlation measures how unique different pseudo noise codes are. If pseudo noise codes are used that have a low cross correlation factor their signals will not interfere with each other. For example, if “1001” and “1100” are used as pseudo noise codes, if “1100” is time shifted it becomes “1001” and can be incorrectly matched to by the correlator looking for “1001” and not “1100” if “1001” and “1011” are used instead, “1011” will never be incorrectly matched by the correlator looking for “1001” because these two pseudo noise codes never match no matter how they are shifted. Wireless USB LS uses pseudo noise codes that have a low cross correlation factor.

Gold Codes of USB
Wireless USB LS uses sets of Gold Codes as pseudo noise codes in order to enable multiple devices to simultaneously transmit on the same frequency. Gold Codes exhibit high auto correlation and Minimal, well defined, cross correlation levels with all other members of the set. Gold Codes are excellent pseudo noise codes for code division multiple access (CDMA) systems.
Wireless USB LS can use 32-bit or 64-bit Gold Codes. There are pros and cons to each code length. 32 bit Gold Codes allow a data rate of 32-kbps, while 64-bit Gold Codes allow a data rate of 16 kbps. On the other hand, using 64-bit Gold Codes has a greater probability of recovering the data due to the longer chip length. Analysis has shown that in order to avoid more than one false correlation in one “day” of use, the maximum number or errors allowed in a 64-bit code is ten, and for 32-bit codes it is one. Tolerance to errors can be improved through the use of error correction techniques implemented in firmware. Also there are twice as many 64 – bit Gold Codes as there are 32 – bit Gold Codes.

Frequency Division Multiple Access
Wireless USB LS not only separates transmissions by code it also separates transmissions by frequency. Wireless USB LS divides the 2.4 GHz ISM band into 79 distinct frequency channels. This allows devices to transmit distinct signals by either using a unique pseudo noise code or a unique frequency. Two signals will not interfere unless they are using the same frequency channel and the same pseudo noise code. Observe that signals A and B in figure use the same Gold Code but transmit on different frequencies, while signals C and D transmit on the same frequency but use different Gold Codes. Theoretically, hundreds of wireless USB LS devices could be operating in the same physical space at the same time.

Wireless USB LS Systems
There are two varieties of Wireless USB LS devices : transmit – only devices and transceiver devices. Transmit – only HID devices are used in 1-way Wireless USB LS networks, while transceiver HID devices are used in 2-way Wireless USB LS networks. Bridge devices always use the Wireless USB LS transceiver. The current 1-way and 2-way Wireless USB LS HID protocols are targeted at 1-to-1 and 2-to-1 networks. The protocol is executed in external Micro-controllers that interface to the Wireless USB LS Chip. Many other applications including non-HID and N:1 HID applications can easily be implemented with Wireless USB LS, but different protocols may be more applicable.

Wireless USB LS 1-way HID Networks :
Wireless USB LS 1-way networks utilize a communication protocol that emphasizes transmitter simplicity and is an ideal low cost, low power wireless solution for HID applications. Each HID device contains a Wireless USB LS transmitter while bridges contain a Wireless USB LS transceiver as shown in Figure. For more information please read Wireless USB LS 1-way HID Networks.

Wireless USB LS 2-way HID Systems :
Wireless USB LS 2-way networks contain a back channel allowing a HID to receive messages from the bridge. This back channel allows Wireless USB ls 2-way HIDs to establish a connection to the bridge, receive Ack/Nak messages from the bridge and receive Data messages from the bridge. All devices in Wireless USB LS 2-way networks contain transceivers as shown in figure. For more information please read Wireless USB LS 2-way HID networks.

Other Wireless USB LS Non-HID Systems :
Non –HID applications may benefit from customized protocols specifically designed for each network.
Non-HID networks could use a polling scheme to reduce the amount of overlapping HID transmissions. Wireless USB LS is flexible and robust enough to be used in a variety of environments including barcode scanners, point of sale (POS) terminals, TV remotes, and wireless game – pads with rumble packs.

Extreme USB ® Wireless :
An industrial strength solution :
Extreme USB was developed to enable USB devices in industrial and commercial environments where operational requirements often exceed those of the desktop for which USB was designed. To achieve long reach USB connectivity, Extreme USB overcomes the limitations imposed by the Turnaround Timer. Removing this limitation enables conventional RF techniques such as error correction to be employed.

Referring back to the requirements discussed in the section on cable replacement, Extreme USB supports all three USB speeds – LS, FS and HS. Extreme USB also contains unique features that enable each of the four USB transfer types to be handled. Any particular implementation can combine support for speed and transfer type variants as required. Just like standard USB, devices with different speed and transfer type attributes can be attached to and detached from the system at random. Extreme USB recognizes each device automatically and provides the appropriate protocol handling. For the host controller, no additional software installations are required to support the Extreme USB system. The Extreme USB core simply enumerates as a generic hub, allowing transparent connectivity of any device on the host controller.

Throughput on the link is independent of the Extreme USB protocol, and is determined by simple performance characteristics of the physical medium that include the maximum available bandwidth, and the round trip latency of the link.

Operating at the USB protocol layer, Extreme USB is independent of the physical media used for data transmission. Extreme USB has been implemented over both copper and fibre media providing wired extension up to 100s of meters over standard Category – 5 UTP cabling and kilometers over fiber optics. In the wireless medium, Extreme USB has been combined with a standard 802.11g radio to enable a four port wireless hub, dubbed WiRanger.

The structure of the local (LEX) and remote (REX) dongles is very similar. Each can be logically partitioned into three district functional layers. The top layer is the Extreme USB packets in a manner that is more suitable for transmission over RF. It is here that features such as encryption and error correction are added if required. The bottom layer represents the actual RF transceiver hardware and associated baseband modems. This architecture provides a flexible system in which the RF convergence layer can be tailored to suit the requirements of the chosen RF link technology.

A wide variety of other physical media, wired or wireless, can be connected to an Extreme USB core to provide USB connectivity : 802.11, UWB, Broadband over Powerline transceivers, Gigabit Ethernet transceivers, etc.

The following sequence diagrams provide a simplified view of how extreme USB works.

The below figure shows the progress of an IN transaction between a USB host and a USB device. The host initiates the transaction by issuing an IN request to the device. The device responds with a DATA0 or DATA1packet as appropriate and the host completes the transaction by sending an acknowledgement ACK to the device. For a successful transaction, the host must see the start of the data packet within a defined period after completing transmission of the IN request. Similarly, the device must see the start of the acknowledgement packet within a defined period after completing transmission of the data packet.

The same scenario with Extreme USB. In this case there are two additional subsystems involved. These subsystems are identified here as LEX and REX.

As before, the host initiates the transaction by issuing an IN request. The LEX subsystem recognizes that the data packet cannot be returned within the allotted time and responds to the host with a negative acknowledgement (NAK). Concurrently, the LEX forwards the IN request to the REX unit and subsequently to the device itself.

The device responds to the IN request with a data packet, which is forwarded to the LEX and stored. Concurrently, the REX subsystem generates a local acknowledgement to the device.

At some later time the host issues a second IN request. This time, the LEX subsystem recognizes that it has the desired data packet stored in memory and supplies it to the host.

In practice, each separate USB transfer type requires slightly different handling and additional algorithms are provided to deal with error situations such as when a complete packet is lost. However, the preceding does illustrate the general approach.

UWB : The underlying technology
The basic transport mechanism for Wireless USB is the ultra – wide band (UWB) radio platform, which has been the focus of recent efforts by the Multiband OFDM Alliance (MBOA) and the WiMedia Alliance. The platform consists of two core layers : the UWB radio layer and the convergence layer.

UWB Radio Layers
UWB technology is fundamentally different from conventional narrow – band radio frequency (RF) and spread – spectrum technologies (SS) such as Bluetooth and 802.11 a/g. Conventional radios transmit a single continuous carried wave over a specified frequency. In contrast, UWB transmits short, fast, low – power wavelets of energy over a very wide band of frequencies.

In 2002, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) legalized commercial use of UWB communications in the 3.10 to 10.6 GHz slice of the radio spectrum. At the same time, the FCC imposed stringent limitations on UWB power emissions to enable the co-existence of UWB and other services that operate in this spectrum. This combination of a very broad band and restricted power provides the high speed and limited range of UWB – based applications. It also enables spectrum reuse : unlike narrow – band RF wireless technologies, a wireless USB cluster can communicate on the same channel as another cluster in proximity. An additional advantage of UWB technology is that the radio circuitry can be implemented in cost – effective CMOS.

The Convergence Layer of USB :
The convergence layer serves as an interface between the UWB radio layer and UWB-based applications. It allows multiple applications to share a single radio. Wireless USB is the first of several wireless applications that will run on the UWB platform.

USB Cluster Topology :
Wireless USB clusters use a simple hub and spoke topology with point – to – point connections b/n the host and the devices connected to it. The host – which can logically connect to as many as 127 devices initiates and schedules data transfers to the devices in the cluster, allotting time slots and bandwidth to each connected device clusters will be able to physically overlap with minimal interference.

Police Department

We have World's second largest police department. In our India that is working 24 hours 4 seasons (rainy, Dusty, summer, moisture) continiously working department. Police Department is working without any parciality. Police department is working for to kill the social eviel and maintain peace in the society. The police department is mainly to protect the week pesonality people's in the socity from the un-egnic personality people's from the society. I am very proud to be an Indian. Because in India there is no uppar class lower class or any type of discription in the police department. The police department see the all the people equaly (common person to ministry persons). Any person can take the help from police department for any types of un social problems in the society.

The police department will always in front for the remove social eviels like Dakayti, Theft, Murderers, Rape, Extrortion, Kidnap and many more etc., are the major social eviels in our society. Which could be reduce or seeoff only, because of our police department is in a active is work 24 hours and protect the people. The police department have only one aim that is protect the inocent people and maintain in our country Law and Order.

Police Department has been devided in four types :

1. Police : Police is working in every State, district and every taluka and every gram panchayat. This department is protecting the common people and punishing the bad people's of the society.

2. CRPF (Central Reserved Police Force) : This department is ready to face any type of noise's or fights like strike's, sum critical situation's that time police is not possible to control them, that time this one department helping the police department and controling them.

3. CID (Crime Investigation Department) : This department is working only underground and investigating the most critical cases of the society. The CID department is helping to police and this department have powers to investigate any one any time and arrest any one any time and starting investigate the case from ground level to top level of the case then solving the unsolved or critical cases and produce to the accused person to court and providing justice to correct person.

4. ATS (Anti Terrorist Squade) : This department also working in underground and this department have license to kill any bad person or bad-evils of society. This department is helping to Controling the terrorist activitie's, Extrorer's, Don's, Shooter's if this team faced this type of person to any where they have license to kill above said bad-evils of the society. And its working 24 hours without fail and protecting the Country.

The above said 4 department are working 24 hours sharp, very very strong, active & providing justice to common people. Thes above department's have connected to each other and they have own responsiblities they have one goal that is remove bad-evile's from the society. This above department working 24 hours 365 days correctly without fail. If one department is not worked correctly or neglected any person then that is loss to our country (it is loss to me).

I am proud to be an indian.

Bhavsar Vision India (BVI)

Bhavsar Vision India is a one caste club that is Bhavsar Kshatriya people's club.
The founder of this club Sri. Narayanrao B. Tatuskar, Owner of the Shakti Group of Companies, Hubli, the Bhavsar Vision India is started from since 1965 the founder of this Bhavsar Vision India started this club from few members and few city's. Right now Bhavsar Vision India's one of the biggest club. The Bhavsar Vision India helping to Samaj Regularly and it is working for poor people of the Samaj.

THE BVI CLUB AIMS :
Bhavsar Vision India's membership fees is per person 600/- and couple charges are 1000/- per year. The Collected amount will be expend to do the projects. Every Year Bhavsar Vision Club theme is changing from Founder like (2009 Born to Lead, 2010 Aim to Excel and somany) this will be deside the last month of the year in december. The founder created every district office bearers like Governor, Governors Ambassador, President, Secretary, Vice President, Joint Secretary, Treasurer in Directors Vision Service Director, Project Service Director, Wome Welfare Director, Child Welfare Director, Captain, Bulletin Editor This club is working for poor or needy people of the samaj.

BHAVSAR VISION INDIA CLUB ACTIVITIES :
Bhavsar Vision India's First Moto is Friendship, Service & Leadership & How to maintain the Unity of our people and First Improve yourself then neighbours then help to poor and needy people of the Samaj, like Books distribution, pen distribution, above 50 years old lady's Saree distribution, Summer time Provide the Drinking water facilities, Self Personality Development Projects and all member's and all bhavsar bandhus jointly celebrate the all festivals like Sankrantri, Dasara, Deepawali & many festivals.

WORK'S :
Bulletin Editor : Realising every month Concerned club activities & other works with permission of President.
Captain : Watching the all of the directors & other works with permission of President.
Child Welfare : Child Welfare Director is working for Samaj Children's and guidelinening to Samaj Bhagine's (Mothers) to how to educate our children and give the culture & other works with permission of President.
Wome Welfare : Wome Welfare Director is working for Samaj's Bhagine's (Lady's) Directing them to how to save the money and how to enroll with new janaration and how to enroll in happy family and every time ready to solve the samaj's Bhagine's problems & other works with permission of President.
Project Service : Project Service Director is working for complete samaj people and arrange the every month atleast one project like free saree distribution to needy people of the samaj, free book & pen distribution and many other programes & other works with permission of President.
Vision Service : Vision Service Director is working for all above 5 Directors and helping them to every time and every project's & plan to how to improve our club in the city & other works with permission of President.
Treasurer : Treasurer roll in this club is major because he have complete account's of the conserned club and maintaining the every month expenditures.
Joint Secretary : In the absence of the Secretary he is rolling & other works with permission of President.
Secretary : He is the key person or right hand of the president he have all the responsiblities of the club.
Vice President : In the absence of the Secretary he is rolling Presidentship & other works with permission of President.
President : President is watching the complete process of the club and maintaining the club and giving the every month report to Governors Ambassador.
Governors Ambassador : Governors Ambassador is Concerned Area's Governor's Assistant, because every place governor can't visit so founder created this one post governors ambassador and giving work to them to watch the concerned club and give them to correct advices and submit every month progress report of the club.

What is Bhavsar Vision India (BVI)
BVI is a challenge Meet it.
BVI is a gift Accept it.
BVI is an adventure Dare it.
BVI is a sorrow Overcome it.
BVI is a tragedy Face it.
BVI is a duty Perform it.
BVI is a game Play it.
BVI is a mystery Unfold it.
BVI is a song Sing it.
BVI is a opportunity Take it.
BVI is a journey Complete it.
BVI is a promise Fulfill it.
BVI is a spirit Realise it.
BVI is a struggle Fight it.
BVI is a puzzle Solve it.
BVI is a goal Achieve it.

From:-
Rajesh Arvind Zingade
Vision Service Director,
BVI, Gulbarga. Area-101.

I AM HAPPY FOR THIS TYPE ONE CLUB IS WORKING FOR BHAVSAR KSHATRIYA SAMAJ AND I WILL CONGRATULATE & BLESS THEM.

Gulbarga Agricultural Introduction (GAI)02

In karnataka Agriculture department have so many scheme's for small former's in the state.

Schemes :
In subsidy department providing seeds (sunflower, tur, bajara, jawar, green gram, bengal gram, black gram, meze) in fertilizer (agri gold, gypsum & other fertilizers non chemical mixed fertilizers) Chemicals for crop (neem oil for all crops, tricodarma, monoprofenophose etc.,) this are all materials in subsidy amount only for small formers of the state.

And also providing mechanizations (Rashi Machine, Desiel Pumpsets 3 hp to 10 hp, HTP spryers, Power Sprayers, Knapsak Sprayers, Cultivator, Rotivator, Double plug Negil, Tractor Drawn disk Harrow, Double bottom fixed MB plough, 2 stroke sprayers, 4 stroke sprayers, Man opperated Sprayers, Tractor Puddler, Tractor Drawn Leveling Blade, Power Tiller, Seed cum Fertiliser Driller for tractor, Reversible MB Plough for 35 HP, Padlar, Seeds box for General & SCP scheme, New Tractor Purchase Subsidy not more than Rs.60,000, Small tractor Rs.30,000 & Micro Irrigation scheme Sprikler sets for 2 hector & 1 hector, somany scheme's) as per karnataka state fixed subsidy amount.

These above given all materials are available in Concerned RSK's (Raita Samparka Kendra) in Hobli's. In RSK Staff's are Agriculture Officer (Boss), Assisstant Agricultural Officers, Technical Officer's & 2-5 Agriculture Assistants are working in concerned RSK's and watching the crops and guiding to former's to how to care the crops, which time spray the chemicals which time cut the crop and complete technical support to formers.

Gulbarga Agricultural Introduction (GAI)01

In Karnataka have above 30 districts in that Gulbarga is one district, in Gulbarga have so may historical places like Nijam's Idga that is Asia's No.2 Historical Place & Since 100 year's old Sharnabasaveshwar Temple & Khaja Bande Nawaz Darga & somany Historical place's in Gulbarga District. Newly constructed from Govt. of Karnataka Asia's No.1 Bhuddha Mandir that is arounding area 900 acre's.

Gulbarga Education & other Details :

In Gulbarga we have Karnataka State's Biggest Society in our Gulbarga that is Hyderabad Karnataka Eduction Society, the society have so many schools in District boys & Girls, Degree Colleges Like Engineering, Medical, Homeopathic, Dental, Hostels, Diploma Colleges & Khaja Bande Nawar Darga Also have so many institutions like KBN Eng., College, KBN Medical College, KBN Hospitals for pour people, & Sharnabasaveshwar Temple also have so many Institutions like Appa Institute of Engineering Technology's, Sharanabasaveshwar P.U.C. College, Degree College, BBM & MBA College, Sharanabasaveshwar Residential School's & College, B.Ed., D.Ed., Colleges in Gulbarga.

Gulbarga Agricultural Details :

Gulbarga (Taluka) have total 3,00,000 Acre land in that agricultural Cultivated Area is 2,50,000 Acres in that 2,45,000 Acres Dry land and Gulbarga have only 5,000 Acres are Irrigated Land. In Gulbarga main peaking crops are like Tur, Jawar, Maze, Sun Flower, Sugar Cane, Black Gram, Green Gram, Bajjara, Ground Nut and other's. In Gulbarga the formers totaly depended on to Natural water resources like Rain and Canal's, in Gulbarga taluka the district megistrate (Tashildar) has been devided two types of formers who have below 5 acres land they are named Small formers and above 5 acres land they are called big formers.

In agriculture department is working and introducing new inovative ideas to former's for do very well & helthy crop's. The agriculture department have so many schme's and facilities for small formers of the Karnataka satate.