Introduction
of Ayurveda
Ayurveda
is a science of life, which deals with Hita, Ahita, Sukha and Dukha types of
ayus. It is a science, which evaluated
from the birth of universe. It was
advised by Brahma to maintain the health.
The aim of Ayurveda is to protect the health of health person and to
irradicate the diseases of diseased.
For
fulfilling this aim of ayurveda drug is used as an instrument. It has obtained an important place in the
trisutra. In ancient period our acharyas
mentioned as one of the form chatushapadas.
This drug contains four qualities like Bahudalpam, Samapannam and
Yogyata.
Introduction to Dravya Guna Shastra
As
we know the pharmacy is a part of medical science without which one cannot
treat the disease pharmacy in ayurveda is termed as dravya guna shastra, which includes
the drugs and their properties and actions with which they acts upon the diseases. Hence, it is essential to know dravya guna
shastra to treat the disease.
This
dravya guna shastra includes the qualities actions and uses of various dry and
drugs, which are dealt in the ancient grantha’s written by Charakacharya and
Susrutacharya and Vagabhattacharya etc. Hence
such an important shastra which is mentioned in all the three “Brahtrayi” and
which consist of all the essential matter about dravya which is vital for the
purpose of treatment.
Importance of Dravya Guna Shastra
No
man on the earth or any creative on is created useless hence everything which
is Pancha bhoutika and which One this worth is useful which is created by
god. Hence, grantha’s related to human
being is else useful, as the Shastra is so useful, it is necessary for a person
to know in detail about the script, textual language and to understand the
matter written in the text and to treat along.
Living
organism on the earth uses various drugs in the way of food staff or in the way
of medicine in the routine life with which Doshas Dhatu and Mala present in the
living body deeps changing that is either they are aggravated or they get
decreased. Hence, to protect the
severity of the disease caused due to the increased on doshas. It is necessary to have the knowledge of the
Dravyas which are opposite to that particular Doshas for subsiding the
diseases.
Classification of Vitanah
Botanical Name : Mytragyna
Parvifolia
Family : RUBIACEAE
Kula : Manjistha
Mytragyna Korth
·
Shrubs or
trees.
·
Leaves: Petialate, usually with transverse parallel
nerves, stipules interpetiolar large caduceus.
·
Flower: Yellow
coloured, crowded in globose auxiliary and terminal solitary panicled or subumbellate
usually 2-bracteate heats; bracteoles paleaceous.
·
Calyx: Tube short, ovoid or abconic, limb copular
or tubular truncate or obscurely 5-toothed.
·
Corolla funnel: Shaped, tube long the throat glabrous or pilose; Lobes 5, short,
valvate.
·
Stamens: 5, on the throat or below the apex of the
corolla-tube; filaments short, filiform;
·
Anthers: Ablong, apiculate, disk annular.
·
Ovary: 2-celled; ovules numerous; on pendulous placentae,
imbricate upwards;
·
Style: Long filiform
·
Stigma: Much exserted mitriform.
·
Fruit: 2 dehicent cocci
·
Seeds: Seeds are many; testa winged, abbumenfleshy.
The
genus is tonic and febrifuge.
Rubiaceae
Trees,
shrubs or herbs, erect, prostate or climbing leaves opposite or whorled,
entire, stipules various, interior intra-petialar, very rarely. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, usually
regular, the inflorescence various, calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, limb various. Corolla regular, gamopetalous lobes 4-5
stames are many as the corolla-lobes, inserted on its mouth or tube. Disk epigynous, usually annular or swollen,
ovary 2-10 (usually 2-celled) Ovules 1 or more in each cell, style simple or
cleft; stigmas various.
Fruit 2-10 called, a berry drupe or capsule or of
separating cocci-genera 450. Species
5,500-mostly tropical a number temperature and a few arctic.
Vernacular Names
English : Kaim
Hindi : Kayim,
Kaddam, Kamgi, Kallam
Kannada : Kongu,
Kadaga
Sanskrit : Vitanah
Tamil : Katamapai,
Nirk Katampu, Sinnakka tampu.
Talgu : Nerkadamba,
Batruga, Battaganapa
Mal : Vimpu,
Nirkkatampu, Rosu Katampu
Synonyms
Vitanah
Habitat
Distribution / Habitat:
Throughout
India
Propagation:
By
Seeds and Vegetative method.
Prayojyanga
Part used:
Roots
Bark
Leaves
Chemical Constituents
Chemical Constituents:
·
Pyroligenous
acid methyl acetate.
·
Ketone
·
Aldehydes
methanol
Morphology
Botanical Descriptions / Swaroop:
A
medium sized to large deciduous tree with round crown and light grey smooth
back, exfolicating in small scale.
·
Leaves: Simple, opposite, very variable, ellipitic sub
or bicular or obovate, rounded, acute or bluntly acuminate glabrous on both
side, main nevers 6-8 pairs stipules 13 by 5-8mm petioles 1-2cm.
·
Flower: Greenish yellow, fragrant, penduncles
solitary terminal short, each carrying a globose head of flower 2-2.5 cm. in
diameter calyx 2mm. Long funnel-shaped, limb truncate corolla 6.3-8mm long lube
narrowly infundibuliform, glabrous, lobes 2.5mm long triangular ovate, acute, recurred. Style white, much exerted, stigma mitriform.
·
Fruits: Oblong 13-16mm, capsules 3mm, with blunt
rounded tops & 10 blunt ribs.
Properties and Uses
·
The roots and
bark are acrid, bitter stomachia and febrifuge and are useful in gastropathy,
colic & fever.
·
Leaves are
bitter, sweet styptic vulnerary anti-inflammatory depurative & febrifuge.
They are useful in vitiated condition of
vata and kapha.
·
Internal and
External haemorrhage.
·
Wounds.
·
Colic
·
Flatulence
·
Dysepsia
·
Inflammation
·
Myalgia
·
Skin diseases.
·
Leprosy
·
erysipelas
·
Fever
Rasa Panchaka
Rasa : Katu ,Tikta
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa
Veerya : Anushnaseeta
Vipak : Madhur
Karma : Rakta pitta hara, Varna
Jwarhara, Angamard hara,
Visha,
Visarpa, Kustha etc.,
Leaves are mainly used
as Sotha hara.
Controversy
According to Bhavprakash:
In
this nighantu he mentioned that it is a variety of Kadamba.
Dhanvantari
nighantu, Rajnighantu and Adarsha nighantu had not mentioned anything about
these drug. But only the botanical name
had been mentioned.
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