Introduction of Newspaper :
The word ‘NEWS’ refers 4 directions i.e., North, East, West & South. So, it represents collection of information or news from all over the world or from extreme corners, collected and edited in a page called ‘Newspaper’.
A Newspaper, in a broad sense, is an unbound publication issued at regular intervals that seek to inform, analyze, influence and entertain. A newspaper can be published at various intervals but usually appears weekly or daily. Many newspapers are available national, state and local of both English & Kannada giving the news and information to the readers. They provide the consumers with different kind of advertisements, etc.
Newspaper is a publication devoted chiefly in presenting and commenting on the news. Newspapers provide excellent means of keeping well informed on current events. They also play a vital role in shaping the public opinions.
Newspaper can cover more news and in much greater detail than the other major news media, television, radio and news magazines.
A great variety of information is found in a large daily newspaper. It covers latest development in all fields like government, politics, sports, science, business and the arts and other news stories, report crimes, disasters and special events of human interest.
In most daily newspapers editorial columns give opinion, comment on controversial issues. It also covers fashions, health and childcare, comic’s strips, advice columns, crossword puzzles and other entertainment items.
History of Newspaper in the World
The earliest newspaper were perhaps the handwritten notice in Ancient Rome called Acta Diura, Ata Senatus and Acta Publia, which were posted to be read by the public. In the mid – 15th century the German inventor John Gutenberg developed movable metal type (movable wooden type was used as early as the 6th century in the Far East); this made possible the eventual development of the newspaper.
The 1400’s:
It was the beginning of the newspaper press; newsletter or news books were first published in the 1400’s. These were after called Courants, Occurents or intelligencers. It was published in Europe’s commercial centers. It contained business news & news of other public events.
The 1500’s:
In this period newsletters had become news sheets, ‘Nofizie Scritte’ (written notice) were posted up in public places in Venice. They could be read as payment of a coin called a gazette.
The 1600’s:
In generally regarded, the world’s first real Newspaper was the weekly Frankforter Journal founded in Frankfort Germany in 1615. At the same time in other countries the first newspaper was published.
Den Darnske Mercurius - Denmark
The Weekly News – England
The Gazette de France – France
The Gazette de Mexico – Mexico
The Courant – Netherlands
The Gazette – Spain
Ordinary post – Tidende – Sweden
The Liepziger Zeitung was published in Germany 1n 1660. At first a weekly, it soon became the first daily journal in the world.
The 1700’s:
The Wiener Zeitung is the oldest Newspaper still in existence. It was first published in Vienna, Austria in 1703. The other countries newspapers published in that period were.
Viedomosti - Russia
Peter the Great – Sweden
The Daily Count – UK
The Gaceta de Guatemala – Guatemala
The Berlingske Tiderde – Denmark
Halifax Gazette – Canada
Christiania Intelligentssedler - Norway
La Gaceta de Santa Fe – Colambia
Indian World – India
The Gazette published daily since 1797 at Alexandria in Virginia was the oldest continuously published daily newspaper in the U.S.
The 1800’s:
In this period newspapers were published from all over the world. They are as follows:
Gazette - Australia’s first newspaper
Za Presa and Ei Telegrapho Mercartil – Argentina
Daily Telegraph and the Manchester Guardian – UK
Le Figaro and Le Temps – France
Frankfurter Zeibing – Germany
Corriere Della Scera – Italy
Mainichi Shimban – Japan
By the Mid – 1800, the invention of electric telegraph and introduction of international cables made speed production of newspaper.
The Times of London – UK
Philadelphia Public ledger – USA
The 1900’s:
The early 1900’s newspaper chains brought the merges. In USA 70% of all dailies belongs to chains. Many newspapers modernized their production facilities increased through installing computerized word processing and layout systems. Reporters can also write stories on portable computers and then send the stories to the office via a modem. It is a device that transmits information over telephone items. Some newspapers also distribute their page by fax machines.
By 2000, newspapers were juggling priorities: fragmentation of news consumption, fragmentation of advertising investments, the advantages and disadvantages of being a mass medium, balancing the wants of the marketplace with the company’s duty to provide the needs of the marketplace, a journalistic backlash against industry changes, the sheer physicality of ink-on-paper production and distribution versus digital distribution, increasing profit pressure surrounding the core print product, and extension of the company’s core brand into other profit centers.
History of Newspaper in India
In India, writing in the shape of newsletters has become quite prevalent during the Moghul period. Although the manuscript reports were meant exclusively for official use, yet they were copied sometimes for wide use. In 1550, the Jesuits brought the first printing press to India. In the beginning only religious books had been published in Tamil, Malayalam and Portuguese. The first attempt to start a newspaper was in Calcutta. This newspaper consisted of two sheets only. It specialized in the exposure of the stories regarding the private lives of the servants of East India Company. Messink and Road started the next newspaper named as “INDIA GAZZETTE”. They were benefited much from the experience of the Hichey. In 1784 another Newspaper named “Calcutta Gazette” was started. Earlier James Auguster Hichey started “Bengal Gazette” on January 23rd 1780 at Srirampur. After this, in 1785, Richard Johanseen started the “Madras Courier”. Then in 1783 the newspaper “Bombay Herald” was started. Generally, first newspaper in India was started by those English men who had personal grievances against East India Company. Usually the circulation of these newspapers was very low and did not exceed one hundred or two hundred copies.
In those days there was neither freedom of press nor any press Laws in India. The authorities could use censorship of these newspapers; the news printing was not attractive. Generally, this newspaper printed such things sales forecast intense to the British residents in India. Some of the old newspapers in India are “Bombay Samachar” published from Bombay in Gujarathi started in the year 1872. “Times of India” in English published in Bombay in the year 1838, “Pioneer” in English published in Calcutta in the year 1868. Of course, compared with the teeming population of India, the number of newspaper and their circulation was very small; this was due to the fact that still a great majority of our countrymen are illiterate. In India literacy percentage is only 29.45 as per the census of 1971. The Times of India was very oldest English daily. The oldest periodical is “Calcutta review” published monthly in English from Calcutta in 1944.
The Modern Newspaper
How did the small, one page tabloid of the last century evolve into today’s voluminous publication, often more than two hundred pages on Sunday? Early newspapers carried news from outside the local area. That was what the readers of Colonial times yearned for, especially news from overseas. There was little need for advertising in early newspapers. There was practically no need for sports news, the arts, business, entertainment or comics. Since the newspaper serves the needs and interest of its community, there was no need for specialized sections in a community’s early stages. As a community grew from farms, to village, to town and into a city, the need for more varied information grew as a diverse population emerged. Eventually the content and frequency of these “non essential” news items increased to the point where they required a regular segment of the daily or weekly edition. This gave birth to permanent specialized sections of the modern newspaper.
Kinds of Newspapers
Newspapers are printed on coarse paper called newsprint. There are two major sizes of newspaper standard and tabloid. A standard – sized newspaper has pages that measure about 15 by 23 inches (38 by 58 centimeters) the pages of a tabloid are about half that size. The standard and tabloid sizes are both used in publishing all types of newspapers. The three main kinds of papers are
Daily Newspapers
Weekly Newspapers
Special interest Newspapers
Daily Newspaper: These newspapers print world, national, state and local news. They also carry editorials, opinion columns, feature articles and entertainment items. Big-city daily prints many stories on social and political issues; such as the quality of suburbs has made suburban news important. Some metropolitan papers therefore include a section of suburban news several times a week.
Many dailies are morning papers, others are afternoon papers and still others publish around the clock. In large cities, many morning papers publish several editions the first one in early evening and the last one is the early morning. Similarly, many afternoon papers publish from early morning to late afternoon. Additional features and more advertising make Sunday newspapers much larger than weekday editions. Numerous Sunday papers have special sections on such topics as entertainment, finance and travel, many also include a Sunday magazine and colored comics.
Weekly Newspapers: Weekly newspapers in general serve much smaller areas than daily papers and publish news of a more personal nature. In small communities most people know one another and take great interest in the activities of their friends and neighbors, weddings, births, and deaths or major news items. A fire, a traffic accidents or a burglary gets front-page coverage. Weeklies also report news of local business and politics.
Special Interest Newspapers: These types of newspapers print news of concern to particular groups. Many business associations and labor unions publish newspapers for their members. Newspapers printed in foreign language serve foreign born residents in big cities. Some newspapers specialize in printing news about blacks. Many high schools and most colleges have newspaper of their own.
Should We Believe Every Thing in the Newspaper?
Is it everything that we read in printing true, accurate and unbiased? Do newspapers have a responsibility to be objective to their readers? These questions and more need to be discussed in any treatise about modern newspapers.
Reporters have to rely on others for truth and accuracy, and we should realize that the source or witness is usually taken at his or her word. When research is called for, it is the newspaper’s responsibility to find the facts for its readers.
The only place in a newspaper for its opinions and a statement of position should be the editorial section. These pages provide a forum, which enables the paper’s editor(s) to express their stand on the various social issues. Every other article, story and report should be completely objective. However, many people feel that our newspapers have become politically or ideologically biased. Such terms as the “liberal eastern press” or the “Republican bent” of rural and suburban newspapers have been around for years.
The best way to use a newspaper and get as much accuracy out of it as possible is to vary your news sources. Read two or more different papers, newsmagazines, and utilize other media for the “total picture”. We should remember that a newspaper is a commercial business whose first responsibility is to make a profit for its stockholders. For this reason they may take steps that appeal to their advertising clients, readership customers, and political benefactors, such as not stepping on too many toes.
A changing society reflects itself in changing newspaper tastes. Many people no longer have the time to read long, detailed articles and editorials. They have come to rely on short news capsules, illustrations, charts and other graphics to provide news at a glance.
Present Status of Newspaper Industry
The Media
The media plays a vital role in bringing awareness of Government policies and programs to people and in motivating them to be active partners in the nation building endeavor. In the Indian context, a skillful synthesis between traditional and folk forms of communication on one hand and the modern print and audio– visual media including satellite communication on the other is being attempted.
Print Media
In 1999, the circulation of the Indian Press was 130,087,493 copies. The total number of newspapers and periodicals, in 1999 was 46,655. There were 5157 dailies, 337 tri/bi – weeklies, 16872 weeklies, 12796 monthlies, 6240 fortnightly, 3,273 quarterlies, 416 annuals and 1,564 publications with periodicity like bi-monthlies, half yearly etc. Newspapers were published in as many as 101 languages and dialects during 1999. The largest numbers of newspapers were published in Hindi – 18903, followed by English – 6830 and Urdu – 2803. Daily newspapers were brought out in all principal languages except Kashmiri. Uttar Pradesh alone published 8415 newspapers.
The print media in India consists of 41 centenarians. The Gujarati daily Bombay Samachar (circulation 1,59,236) published from Bombay is the oldest existing newspaper not only in India but also in Asia. It was established in 1822. The first newspaper (weekly) published in India “Bengal Gazette” (also called Hicky’s Gazette) was in English, 1780 Calcutta. The editor was an Englishman – James Hicky. Dig Darting (Bengali) was the first language newspaper also from Calcutta (1818).
Registrar of newspapers in India (RNI): It was setup in 1956. The RNI allots and recommends import of printing machinery for newspapers. Every newspaper/periodical has to be registered with the RNI.
News Agencies:
India has four news agencies – Press Trust of India (PTI), United News of India (UNI). Samachar Bharathi and Hindustan Samachar.
PTI was set up on August 27, 1947. It took over the Associated Press of India (API) and Reuters. It started functioning from Feb 1, 1949. It has over 100-news bureau in the country including computerized offices in the 4 metros. Satellite, data channels and ticker lines provide the news services at speeds up to 1200 bits per second (about 1400 words per minute). Bhasha is the Hindi language news service of the agency.
UNI was registered as a company in 1954 and started news operation on 21st March 1961. In 1982 it launched its Hindi news services “UNIVARTA”. It has over 100 bureaus in India and abroad. Other Tele printer services of the news agency include UNIFIN and UNISTOCK. It has more than 300 journalist and 400 stringers.
Press Information Bureau (PIB), the central agency of the Government of India, through its network of 8 regional (Mumbai, Chennai, Chandigarh, Calcutta, Lucknow, Gowhati, Bhopal and Hyderabad) and 33 branch officers, disseminates information on its policies, programs, decisions and activities. With a countrywide Tele printer network and airbag facilities, PIB reaches newspaper organizations all over the country PIB arranges photo coverage of Government activities. PIB is linked with 28 of its regional offices over computer. The Bureau also has a PIB window in the Internet system, which makes information internationally accessible. PIB distributes press material to over 8,000 newspaper establishments. In order to facilitate access to information from the Government source at HQ PIB as provided accreditation to 1087 correspondents and 234 cameramen. Besides, about 133 technicians, 71 editors/media critics have also been granted these professional facilities.
Press Council of India owes its origin to the recommendations of the First Press Commission. The press council of India Act, 1965 was enacted and under it the First Press Council was setup in 1966. This body continued to be in existence till Dec. 1975. The Present Council was setup under the Act 37 of 1978. It is meant to safeguard the freedom of the press, maintain and improve the standard of newspapers and news agencies. The council consists of a chairman and 28 other members (of whom 20 represent the press, 5 MPs, rest of the 3 are nominations from Sahitya Academy or Bar Council of India or UGC). The present Chairman is Justice K. Jayachandra Reddy National Press Day: November 16.
Publication division, (set up in Jan. 1941 under from department then called Foreign Branch of the Bureau of Public Information), a media unit of the Min. of I & B (Since Dec. 44), provides up-to-date information, a media unit of the Min. of I & B (Science Dec. 44), provides up-to-date information on all subjects of national importance through books. So far, it has published 7000 titles.
Films Division was setup in 1948 to revive the production of newsreels and documentary films. It organizes films and documentary festivals. It holds 8000 title on documentaries, short films, and animations.
World’s Largest Daily selling News Paper is Yomiuri Shimbun Japan, 2nd Asahi Shimbun Japan, 3rd, 4th, 5th also to japan and 6th is Bild Anustri country, News paper name is The Sun Britain Country and many more.
The word ‘NEWS’ refers 4 directions i.e., North, East, West & South. So, it represents collection of information or news from all over the world or from extreme corners, collected and edited in a page called ‘Newspaper’.
A Newspaper, in a broad sense, is an unbound publication issued at regular intervals that seek to inform, analyze, influence and entertain. A newspaper can be published at various intervals but usually appears weekly or daily. Many newspapers are available national, state and local of both English & Kannada giving the news and information to the readers. They provide the consumers with different kind of advertisements, etc.
Newspaper is a publication devoted chiefly in presenting and commenting on the news. Newspapers provide excellent means of keeping well informed on current events. They also play a vital role in shaping the public opinions.
Newspaper can cover more news and in much greater detail than the other major news media, television, radio and news magazines.
A great variety of information is found in a large daily newspaper. It covers latest development in all fields like government, politics, sports, science, business and the arts and other news stories, report crimes, disasters and special events of human interest.
In most daily newspapers editorial columns give opinion, comment on controversial issues. It also covers fashions, health and childcare, comic’s strips, advice columns, crossword puzzles and other entertainment items.
History of Newspaper in the World
The earliest newspaper were perhaps the handwritten notice in Ancient Rome called Acta Diura, Ata Senatus and Acta Publia, which were posted to be read by the public. In the mid – 15th century the German inventor John Gutenberg developed movable metal type (movable wooden type was used as early as the 6th century in the Far East); this made possible the eventual development of the newspaper.
The 1400’s:
It was the beginning of the newspaper press; newsletter or news books were first published in the 1400’s. These were after called Courants, Occurents or intelligencers. It was published in Europe’s commercial centers. It contained business news & news of other public events.
The 1500’s:
In this period newsletters had become news sheets, ‘Nofizie Scritte’ (written notice) were posted up in public places in Venice. They could be read as payment of a coin called a gazette.
The 1600’s:
In generally regarded, the world’s first real Newspaper was the weekly Frankforter Journal founded in Frankfort Germany in 1615. At the same time in other countries the first newspaper was published.
Den Darnske Mercurius - Denmark
The Weekly News – England
The Gazette de France – France
The Gazette de Mexico – Mexico
The Courant – Netherlands
The Gazette – Spain
Ordinary post – Tidende – Sweden
The Liepziger Zeitung was published in Germany 1n 1660. At first a weekly, it soon became the first daily journal in the world.
The 1700’s:
The Wiener Zeitung is the oldest Newspaper still in existence. It was first published in Vienna, Austria in 1703. The other countries newspapers published in that period were.
Viedomosti - Russia
Peter the Great – Sweden
The Daily Count – UK
The Gaceta de Guatemala – Guatemala
The Berlingske Tiderde – Denmark
Halifax Gazette – Canada
Christiania Intelligentssedler - Norway
La Gaceta de Santa Fe – Colambia
Indian World – India
The Gazette published daily since 1797 at Alexandria in Virginia was the oldest continuously published daily newspaper in the U.S.
The 1800’s:
In this period newspapers were published from all over the world. They are as follows:
Gazette - Australia’s first newspaper
Za Presa and Ei Telegrapho Mercartil – Argentina
Daily Telegraph and the Manchester Guardian – UK
Le Figaro and Le Temps – France
Frankfurter Zeibing – Germany
Corriere Della Scera – Italy
Mainichi Shimban – Japan
By the Mid – 1800, the invention of electric telegraph and introduction of international cables made speed production of newspaper.
The Times of London – UK
Philadelphia Public ledger – USA
The 1900’s:
The early 1900’s newspaper chains brought the merges. In USA 70% of all dailies belongs to chains. Many newspapers modernized their production facilities increased through installing computerized word processing and layout systems. Reporters can also write stories on portable computers and then send the stories to the office via a modem. It is a device that transmits information over telephone items. Some newspapers also distribute their page by fax machines.
By 2000, newspapers were juggling priorities: fragmentation of news consumption, fragmentation of advertising investments, the advantages and disadvantages of being a mass medium, balancing the wants of the marketplace with the company’s duty to provide the needs of the marketplace, a journalistic backlash against industry changes, the sheer physicality of ink-on-paper production and distribution versus digital distribution, increasing profit pressure surrounding the core print product, and extension of the company’s core brand into other profit centers.
History of Newspaper in India
In India, writing in the shape of newsletters has become quite prevalent during the Moghul period. Although the manuscript reports were meant exclusively for official use, yet they were copied sometimes for wide use. In 1550, the Jesuits brought the first printing press to India. In the beginning only religious books had been published in Tamil, Malayalam and Portuguese. The first attempt to start a newspaper was in Calcutta. This newspaper consisted of two sheets only. It specialized in the exposure of the stories regarding the private lives of the servants of East India Company. Messink and Road started the next newspaper named as “INDIA GAZZETTE”. They were benefited much from the experience of the Hichey. In 1784 another Newspaper named “Calcutta Gazette” was started. Earlier James Auguster Hichey started “Bengal Gazette” on January 23rd 1780 at Srirampur. After this, in 1785, Richard Johanseen started the “Madras Courier”. Then in 1783 the newspaper “Bombay Herald” was started. Generally, first newspaper in India was started by those English men who had personal grievances against East India Company. Usually the circulation of these newspapers was very low and did not exceed one hundred or two hundred copies.
In those days there was neither freedom of press nor any press Laws in India. The authorities could use censorship of these newspapers; the news printing was not attractive. Generally, this newspaper printed such things sales forecast intense to the British residents in India. Some of the old newspapers in India are “Bombay Samachar” published from Bombay in Gujarathi started in the year 1872. “Times of India” in English published in Bombay in the year 1838, “Pioneer” in English published in Calcutta in the year 1868. Of course, compared with the teeming population of India, the number of newspaper and their circulation was very small; this was due to the fact that still a great majority of our countrymen are illiterate. In India literacy percentage is only 29.45 as per the census of 1971. The Times of India was very oldest English daily. The oldest periodical is “Calcutta review” published monthly in English from Calcutta in 1944.
The Modern Newspaper
How did the small, one page tabloid of the last century evolve into today’s voluminous publication, often more than two hundred pages on Sunday? Early newspapers carried news from outside the local area. That was what the readers of Colonial times yearned for, especially news from overseas. There was little need for advertising in early newspapers. There was practically no need for sports news, the arts, business, entertainment or comics. Since the newspaper serves the needs and interest of its community, there was no need for specialized sections in a community’s early stages. As a community grew from farms, to village, to town and into a city, the need for more varied information grew as a diverse population emerged. Eventually the content and frequency of these “non essential” news items increased to the point where they required a regular segment of the daily or weekly edition. This gave birth to permanent specialized sections of the modern newspaper.
Kinds of Newspapers
Newspapers are printed on coarse paper called newsprint. There are two major sizes of newspaper standard and tabloid. A standard – sized newspaper has pages that measure about 15 by 23 inches (38 by 58 centimeters) the pages of a tabloid are about half that size. The standard and tabloid sizes are both used in publishing all types of newspapers. The three main kinds of papers are
Daily Newspapers
Weekly Newspapers
Special interest Newspapers
Daily Newspaper: These newspapers print world, national, state and local news. They also carry editorials, opinion columns, feature articles and entertainment items. Big-city daily prints many stories on social and political issues; such as the quality of suburbs has made suburban news important. Some metropolitan papers therefore include a section of suburban news several times a week.
Many dailies are morning papers, others are afternoon papers and still others publish around the clock. In large cities, many morning papers publish several editions the first one in early evening and the last one is the early morning. Similarly, many afternoon papers publish from early morning to late afternoon. Additional features and more advertising make Sunday newspapers much larger than weekday editions. Numerous Sunday papers have special sections on such topics as entertainment, finance and travel, many also include a Sunday magazine and colored comics.
Weekly Newspapers: Weekly newspapers in general serve much smaller areas than daily papers and publish news of a more personal nature. In small communities most people know one another and take great interest in the activities of their friends and neighbors, weddings, births, and deaths or major news items. A fire, a traffic accidents or a burglary gets front-page coverage. Weeklies also report news of local business and politics.
Special Interest Newspapers: These types of newspapers print news of concern to particular groups. Many business associations and labor unions publish newspapers for their members. Newspapers printed in foreign language serve foreign born residents in big cities. Some newspapers specialize in printing news about blacks. Many high schools and most colleges have newspaper of their own.
Should We Believe Every Thing in the Newspaper?
Is it everything that we read in printing true, accurate and unbiased? Do newspapers have a responsibility to be objective to their readers? These questions and more need to be discussed in any treatise about modern newspapers.
Reporters have to rely on others for truth and accuracy, and we should realize that the source or witness is usually taken at his or her word. When research is called for, it is the newspaper’s responsibility to find the facts for its readers.
The only place in a newspaper for its opinions and a statement of position should be the editorial section. These pages provide a forum, which enables the paper’s editor(s) to express their stand on the various social issues. Every other article, story and report should be completely objective. However, many people feel that our newspapers have become politically or ideologically biased. Such terms as the “liberal eastern press” or the “Republican bent” of rural and suburban newspapers have been around for years.
The best way to use a newspaper and get as much accuracy out of it as possible is to vary your news sources. Read two or more different papers, newsmagazines, and utilize other media for the “total picture”. We should remember that a newspaper is a commercial business whose first responsibility is to make a profit for its stockholders. For this reason they may take steps that appeal to their advertising clients, readership customers, and political benefactors, such as not stepping on too many toes.
A changing society reflects itself in changing newspaper tastes. Many people no longer have the time to read long, detailed articles and editorials. They have come to rely on short news capsules, illustrations, charts and other graphics to provide news at a glance.
Present Status of Newspaper Industry
The Media
The media plays a vital role in bringing awareness of Government policies and programs to people and in motivating them to be active partners in the nation building endeavor. In the Indian context, a skillful synthesis between traditional and folk forms of communication on one hand and the modern print and audio– visual media including satellite communication on the other is being attempted.
Print Media
In 1999, the circulation of the Indian Press was 130,087,493 copies. The total number of newspapers and periodicals, in 1999 was 46,655. There were 5157 dailies, 337 tri/bi – weeklies, 16872 weeklies, 12796 monthlies, 6240 fortnightly, 3,273 quarterlies, 416 annuals and 1,564 publications with periodicity like bi-monthlies, half yearly etc. Newspapers were published in as many as 101 languages and dialects during 1999. The largest numbers of newspapers were published in Hindi – 18903, followed by English – 6830 and Urdu – 2803. Daily newspapers were brought out in all principal languages except Kashmiri. Uttar Pradesh alone published 8415 newspapers.
The print media in India consists of 41 centenarians. The Gujarati daily Bombay Samachar (circulation 1,59,236) published from Bombay is the oldest existing newspaper not only in India but also in Asia. It was established in 1822. The first newspaper (weekly) published in India “Bengal Gazette” (also called Hicky’s Gazette) was in English, 1780 Calcutta. The editor was an Englishman – James Hicky. Dig Darting (Bengali) was the first language newspaper also from Calcutta (1818).
Registrar of newspapers in India (RNI): It was setup in 1956. The RNI allots and recommends import of printing machinery for newspapers. Every newspaper/periodical has to be registered with the RNI.
News Agencies:
India has four news agencies – Press Trust of India (PTI), United News of India (UNI). Samachar Bharathi and Hindustan Samachar.
PTI was set up on August 27, 1947. It took over the Associated Press of India (API) and Reuters. It started functioning from Feb 1, 1949. It has over 100-news bureau in the country including computerized offices in the 4 metros. Satellite, data channels and ticker lines provide the news services at speeds up to 1200 bits per second (about 1400 words per minute). Bhasha is the Hindi language news service of the agency.
UNI was registered as a company in 1954 and started news operation on 21st March 1961. In 1982 it launched its Hindi news services “UNIVARTA”. It has over 100 bureaus in India and abroad. Other Tele printer services of the news agency include UNIFIN and UNISTOCK. It has more than 300 journalist and 400 stringers.
Press Information Bureau (PIB), the central agency of the Government of India, through its network of 8 regional (Mumbai, Chennai, Chandigarh, Calcutta, Lucknow, Gowhati, Bhopal and Hyderabad) and 33 branch officers, disseminates information on its policies, programs, decisions and activities. With a countrywide Tele printer network and airbag facilities, PIB reaches newspaper organizations all over the country PIB arranges photo coverage of Government activities. PIB is linked with 28 of its regional offices over computer. The Bureau also has a PIB window in the Internet system, which makes information internationally accessible. PIB distributes press material to over 8,000 newspaper establishments. In order to facilitate access to information from the Government source at HQ PIB as provided accreditation to 1087 correspondents and 234 cameramen. Besides, about 133 technicians, 71 editors/media critics have also been granted these professional facilities.
Press Council of India owes its origin to the recommendations of the First Press Commission. The press council of India Act, 1965 was enacted and under it the First Press Council was setup in 1966. This body continued to be in existence till Dec. 1975. The Present Council was setup under the Act 37 of 1978. It is meant to safeguard the freedom of the press, maintain and improve the standard of newspapers and news agencies. The council consists of a chairman and 28 other members (of whom 20 represent the press, 5 MPs, rest of the 3 are nominations from Sahitya Academy or Bar Council of India or UGC). The present Chairman is Justice K. Jayachandra Reddy National Press Day: November 16.
Publication division, (set up in Jan. 1941 under from department then called Foreign Branch of the Bureau of Public Information), a media unit of the Min. of I & B (Since Dec. 44), provides up-to-date information, a media unit of the Min. of I & B (Science Dec. 44), provides up-to-date information on all subjects of national importance through books. So far, it has published 7000 titles.
Films Division was setup in 1948 to revive the production of newsreels and documentary films. It organizes films and documentary festivals. It holds 8000 title on documentaries, short films, and animations.
World’s Largest Daily selling News Paper is Yomiuri Shimbun Japan, 2nd Asahi Shimbun Japan, 3rd, 4th, 5th also to japan and 6th is Bild Anustri country, News paper name is The Sun Britain Country and many more.
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